The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review

Abstract Cone calorimeters are widely used to assess heat release parameters and flammability of combustible materials, but their use is limited for applications where the global equivalence ratio (GER) exceeds one, because they can only replicate burning in open conditions. The standardisation controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) ISO/TS 5660-5:2020 offers an opportunity investigate potential advantages limitations this apparatus. This paper presents a detailed review existing studies conducted using CACC. aimed at examining importance atmospheric control bench-scale experimental methods research-based development key features In addition, it highlights research yet be carried out optimise CACC as tool fire science. effects various design discussed including method GER control, chimney, chamber, gas inflow rate others. Despite standardisation, concluded that there consensus on optimal variables. A lack has led significantly different testing conditions even researchers same materials have similar objectives. best practice, particularly with regards sampling location motivates need further so improve value data collected, reduce uncertainty reproducibility.